Gaussian upper bounds for fundamental solutions of a family of parabolic equations (Q434333)

The authors study the family of second-order divergence-type parabolic equations in the form \(\omega_\varepsilon(x) u_t=\text{div}(a(x)\omega_\varepsilon(x)\nabla u)\) in \(\mathbb R^n\), where \(a(x)\) is a uniformly elliptic matrix, \(\omega_\epsilon(x)=1\) if \(x_n<0\) and \(\omega_\varepsilon(x)=\varepsilon\) if \(x_n>0\). The main result of the paper establishes the existence of two constants \(c_1=c_1(n,a),c_2=c_2(n,a)>0\) such that the fundamental solution \(K(x,y,t)\) of the above equation satisfies the Gaussian upper bound \(K(x,y,t)\leq c_1t^{-n/2}\exp\left\{ -c_2\frac{|x-y|^2}{t}\right\}\) uniformly with respect to \(\varepsilon>0\).