No label defined (Q4343545)

Let \(\mathbb{Z}\) be the rational integers, \(P\) the subset of primes and \(\text{Int}(P,\mathbb{Z})\) the ring of polynomials in one variable with rational coefficients such that \(f(P)\subseteq \mathbb{Z}\). The authors construct a regular basis of \(\text{Int}(P,\mathbb{Z})\), i.e., a basis as a free \(\mathbb{Z}\)-module, consisting of exactly one polynomial of each non-negative degree. (That such a regular basis exists follows from \(\mathbb{Z}\) being a principal ideal domain and \(P\) an infinite subset.) By a result of \textit{J.-L. Chabert} [Can. Math. Bull. 39, 402-407 (1996; Zbl 0885.11024)] (using Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions), the localization \((\mathbb{Z}\setminus p\mathbb{Z})^{-1}\text{Int}(P,\mathbb{Z})\) consists of precisely those polynomials with rational coefficients which map \(p\) as well as all integers not divisible by \(p\) to \(\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}\). This allows the authors to construct a regular basis of the \(\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}\)-module \((\mathbb{Z}\setminus p\mathbb{Z})^{-1}\text{Int}(P,\mathbb{Z})\) as a sequence of polynomials \(g_0=1\) and \(g_n=c_nf_n\) for \(n\geq 1\), where \(c_n\), the generator of the fractional ideal of leading coefficients of polynomials of degree at most \(n\), is \(p^{-d_n}\) with \(d_n=\sum_{k\geq 0}[\frac{n-1}{p^k(p-1)}]\) and \(f_n=\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}(x-u_i)\), with \(u_0=p\), and \((u_n)_{n\geq 1}\) enumerating in increasing order all positive integers not divisible by \(p\). (Alternatively, \(c_n\) can be replaced by \(\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}(u_n-u_i)^{-1}\), which has the same \(p\)-adic value.) Globalization is then a matter of applying the Chinese remainder theorem: As the leading coefficient \(c_n\) of the \(n\)-th degree basis polynomial one takes the product, over all primes \(p\leq n\), of the appropriate negative powers of \(p\); and the roots \(u_i\), \(0\leq i<n\), are chosen congruent to the respective local \(u_i\) of before modulo a sufficiently high power of \(p\), for each prime \(p\leq n\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0865.00039].