Chaotic spectra of classically integrable systems (Q4345665)

According to a result of Berry and Tabor, the values of the energy gaps of a generic integrable system are Poisson distributed, what differs remarkably from the statistical distribution of energy gaps in the case of classical chaotic systems, which are rather described (at least numerically) by Wigner, GOE and GUE statistics. A non-generic exception is the case of the harmonic oscillator, non-generic in the sense that by perturbing it a bit the energy gaps quickly become Poisson. Another non-generic exception is the case of a free particle in a rectangular gap (Casati, Chirikov and Guarneri). The author proves that any spectral sequence obeying a certain growth law is the quantum spectrum of an equivalence class of classically integrable nonlinear oscillators, what implies that the exceptions to the Berry-Tabor rule for the distribution of quantum energy gaps of classically integrable systems are far more abundant than believed until now. In particular, the author shows that for each finite dimension \(k\), there are an infinite number of classically integrable \(k\)-dimensional nonlinear oscillators whose quantum spectrum reproduces the imaginary part of the zeros on the critical line of the Riemann zeta function. This implies also that, contrary to the Berry's hypothesis, the unknown classical dynamical system whose chaotic quantum spectrum is given by the imaginary part of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function is not unique and needs not be chaotic. The author concludes that the Poisson distribution of energy gaps is not a universal property of integrable systems, but only of a restricted class of systems, the ones for which the approximations made by Berry and Tabor are valid.