Upper bounds for the number of zeroes for some abelian integrals (Q435098)

The authors consider the problem of determining the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus of the system \[ \begin{aligned}&x' = -y G (x, y) + \epsilon P (x, y),\\ &y ' = x G (x, y) + \epsilon Q(x, y),\end{aligned} \] where \(P (x, y), Q(x, y)\) are polynomials of given degree, \(\epsilon\) is a small parameter, and \[ G(x, y) =\prod^{K_1}_{j=1}(x - a_j )\prod^{K_2}_{ l=1}(y - b_l ), \] \(a_j\) and \(b_l\) are real numbers with \(a_i \neq a_j\) and \(b_i \neq b_j\) for \(i \neq j\). The unperturbed system \((\epsilon = 0)\) presents a centre at the origin and any line \(x = a_j\) or \(y = b_l\) constitutes an invariant set of singular points of the system. This invariant set is formed by parallel and/or orthogonal invariant lines. The authors study the maximum number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from the period annulus of the origin. The approach is based on the explicit computation of the abelian integral that controls the bifurcation and on a new result for bounding the number of zeroes of a certain family of real functions. Some results obtained in several previous works are recovered or improved.