Prime divisors and noncommutative valuation theory. (Q435277)

The lecture notes book contributes to the inexhaustible subject of non-commutative geometry, from the angle of valuation theory. Two of the three chapters are within the ``biotope of finite dimensional algebras'' while chapter~3 offers a glimpse into the more non-commutative state of the art. A major part of chapter~1 is devoted to Dubrovin valuation rings (DVR), which can be characterized as local (two-sided) Bézout orders \(R\) in a simple Artinian ring. ``Local'' means that the Jacobson radical \(M\) of \(R\) is the unique maximal ideal which coincides with the valuation ideal such that \(R/M\) is again simple Artinian. Dubrovin valuation rings behave nicely with respect to localization. Every overorder \(S\) is again a DVR, the radical \(J\) of \(S\) is a prime Goldie ideal of \(R\), and \(R/J\) is a DVR. Conversely, every prime Goldie ideal \(P\) of \(R\) is localizable, and \(R_P\) is a DVR. In short, Dubrovin valuation rings behave pretty much like discrete valuation domains; instead of lodging in a quotient field, they live as orders in a simple Artinian ring. There are much more nice properties reported in the book, for example, the trichotomy of Archimedean, simple, and exceptional prime segments, the conjugacy theorem for DVR's finite over a common centre, and the extension theory. Since DVR's are Bézout rings, divisorial ideals form a groupoid. The relationship to Auslander-regularity is discussed in an appendix to chapter~1. Chapter~2 deals with Ore extensions of Krull-orders, twisted polynomial skew-fields, and non-commutative divisor theory which is developed up to Riemann-Roch for central simple algebras over an algebraic curve. As early as 1934, Ernst Witt proved such a Riemann-Roch theorem over a perfect base field. In this way, he was able to extend Hey's dissertation [Analytic number theory in simple algebras] to function fields. Instead of valuations, Witt used the different of the algebra to define a canonical class. The third chapter gives a brief account on topics like Weyl algebras, their skew-field of fractions, valuations, and divisor theory. The last section deals with Hopf valuations and their filtrations. The book closes with an explicit construction of generalized Larson Hopf orders.