No label defined (Q4353876)

The authors consider the operator on the 2-torus \(\mathbb{T}^2\) \[ p(x,D)= D_{x_1} +cD_{x_2} +a(x,D_x), \] where \(c\) is a constant in \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(a(x,D_x)\) a pseudo-differential operator. They give some Diophantine conditions on \(c\in\mathbb{R}\) guaranteeing that one can find an elliptic pseudo-differential operator \(q(x,D)\) with inverse \(q(x,D)^{-1}\) such that \[ q(x,D)^{-1} p(x,D) q(x,D)= D_{x_1} +cD_{x_2} +b(D), \] where \(b(D)\) is translation invariant. Using such normal forms, results of hypoellipticity are proved in the \(C^\infty\) and Gevrey framework [cf. \textit{T. Gramchev}, \textit{P. Popivanov}, \textit{M. Yoshino}, Rend. Semin. Mat., Torino 51, No. 2, 145-172 (1993; Zbl 0824.35027)].