Averages of norms and behavior of families of projective caps on the sphere (Q4359865)

Let \(X=(\mathbb{R}^n, |\cdot |,|\cdot |)\) be a normed space equipped with the natural Euclidean norm \(|\cdot |\); let \(S^{n-1}\) be the Euclidean sphere of radius one equipped with the rotation-invariant probability measure \(\nu\). The authors deal with several parameters of the space \(X\), in particular the two ``\(q\)-averages'' \[ M_q(X): =\left(\int_{S^{n-1}} |x|^q d\nu(x) \right)^{1/q}, \quad S_{q,t} (X):= \left({1 \over t} \sum^t_{i=1} |u_i x|^q \right)^{1/q}, \] the latter of which is defined with respect to \(t(\in \mathbb{N})\) given orthogonal operators on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Denote by \(t_q(X)\) the smallest integer \(t\) such that there are orthogonal operators \(u_1, \dots, u_t\) with \({1\over 2} M_q(X) \cdot |x |\leq S_{q,t} (X)\leq 2\) \(M_q(X) \cdot |x|\) \(\forall x\in \mathbb{R}^n\). It is shown that this number \(t_q(X)\) (of summands in \(S_{q,t} (X)\) needed to approximate a Euclidean ball \(|x|= \text{const}\) in the sense \(|x|\approx S_{q,t} (X))\) depends essentially (for a large range of values of \(q)\) only on the maximal ratio of \(|x|\) and \(|x |: t_q \approx t_1\) for \(1\leq q\leq 2\); \((t_q)^{2/q} \approx t_1 \cdot (M_1/M_q)^2\) for \(q\geq 2\). Here \(f\approx g\) means that \(cf\leq g\leq Cf\) for some universal constants \(c>0\), \(C<\infty\). To prove these (and other) results, the authors use classical techniques of local theory and some extremal properties of families of projective caps on \(S^{n-1}\).