Luttinger surgery and Kodaira dimension (Q436039)

Let \((X,\omega)\) be a symplectic \(4\)-manifold and \(K_\omega\) be the symplectic canonical class. If \((X,\omega)\) is minimal, then the Kodaira dimension is \[ \kappa(X,\omega)=\begin{cases} -\infty &{\mathrm{if }} K_\omega^2 < 0 {\mathrm{ or }} K_\omega\cdot[\omega] < 0 \\ 0 &{\mathrm{if }} K_\omega^2 = 0 {\mathrm{ and }} K_\omega\cdot[\omega] = 0 \\ 1 &{\mathrm{if }} K_\omega^2 = 0 {\mathrm{ and }} K_\omega\cdot[\omega] > 0 \\ 2 &{\mathrm{if }} K_\omega^2 > 0 {\mathrm{ and }} K_\omega\cdot[\omega] > 0. \end{cases} \] For a general symplectic manifold, the Kodaira dimension is the Kodaira dimension of any of its minimal models. It is independent of the choice of the symplectic form and we can write \(\kappa(X)\). Let \(X\) be a smooth \(4\)-manifold and \(L\subset X\) an embedded \(2\)-torus with trivial normal bundle. Let \(U\) be a tubular neighbourhood of \(L\), \(Y=X\setminus U\) the complement of \(U\) and \(Z=\partial Y=\partial \bar U\). Let \(g: Z\rightarrow Z\) be a diffeomorphism. A new manifold \(\tilde X\) can be constructed by cutting \(U\) out of \(X\) and gluing it back to \(Y\) along \(Z\) via \(g\) as \(\tilde X=Y\cup_g U\). This is called a torus surgery. In the paper, Luttinger surgeries are studied. They are applied to Lagrangian fibrations and the invariance of the symplectic Kodaira dimension is proved. Further, it is proved that for \((\tilde X,\tilde \omega)\) constructed via a Luttinger surgery from a symplectic \(4\)-manifold \((X,\omega)\) with \(\kappa(X)=-\infty\), \((\tilde X,\tilde \omega)\) is symplectomorphic to \((X,\omega)\). And for \((\tilde X,\tilde \omega)\) constructed via a Luttinger surgery from a symplectic \(4\)-manifold \((X,\omega)\) with \(\kappa(X)=0\) and \(\chi(X)>0\), \(\tilde X\) and \(X\) have the same integral homology type.