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The fourth volume of this basic textbook of theoretical physics closes the area of investigating by macroscopic means the field of physical phenomena. The special theory of relativity is elaborated in a very attractive manner, starting with an illuminated analysis of the difficulties of interpreting the consequences of the Maxwellian electrodynamics in the spirit of galileian mathematics. The basic principles of the Einsteinian approach are clearly motivated. As a consequence, the mathematical formulation of the special relativity is naturally resulting from the basic axioms. The necessity of covariance of any physical law is masterfully exploited in classical electrodynamics as well as in the kinematics of highly accelerated particle collisions. The text is essentially corrected and dense, being at the same time very explicitly motivated, becoming a real model of didactic formulation. The second half of the textbook is dedicated to classical thermodynamics or more precisely to thermostatics. The author refuses to become a prisoner of any axiomatic formulation (Carathéodory or Callan) and develops a very intuitive approach. He recognizes the limits of such a point of view taking into account insufficiency by developing all the consequences of the fundamental principles. The last chapter, dedicated to phases and phase transitions, is not only an example of mastery but it is also brings the student in the realm of the problems of present research. Throughout the volume, the recapitulative questions as well as the proposed and solved problems are remarkably increasing the formative value of the text.