No label defined (Q4381509)

The paper starts with an introduction to mathematical problems of turbulence. Mathematically flows are modelled by a nonlinear PDE, the Navier-Stokes equation, which describes the evolution of the local velocity field of the fluid in \(\mathbb{R}^3 \). Using a dimensionless quantity, the Reynolds number, one can characterize flows as laminar or chaotic (turbulent). The existence of an invariant measure on the space of random initial data, the measure preserved by a stochastic Navier-Stokes equation, allows to obtain a statistical characterization of flows with the help of the so-called structure functions \( S_{N} (x) \), which are moments of velocity differences at two points \( 0 \) and \( x \). Kolmogorov theory (the so-called K41 theory) allows to predict the values of low order of \( S_{N} (x) \) with a good accuracy. But unfortunately for higher \( S_{N} (x) \) \( ( N \sim 10) \) experiments show the violation of Kolmogorov's prediction -- this phenomen is called multiscaling. Similar phenomena can be studied for a simpler case in the equation introduced by \textit{R. H. Kraichnan} [Phys. Fluids 11, 945-953 (1968; Zbl 0164.28904)], the so-called randomly advected passive scalar equation. This is a linear stochastic PDE, a diffusive equation with random drift. For this equation the invariant measure is constructed and the problem of multiscaling is studied. Some open mathematical problems are also pointed out. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0884.00038].