On weighted weak type inequalities for modified Hardy operators (Q4387044)

Let \(T\) be the generalized Hardy operator, given at a nonnegative measurable function \(f\) on \((0,\infty)\) by \(Tf(x)=g(x)\int_0^x f(t)dt\). The authors characterize the weak-type inequality \[ \sup_{\lambda>0} \lambda\left(\int_{\{| Tf| >\lambda\}}w\right)^{1/q}\leq C\left(\int_0^\infty| f| ^pv\right)^{1/p} \] in the case \(1\leq q<p<\infty\) for \(g\) monotone. This result is of particular importance and novelty when \(g\) is decreasing (consider the example \(g(x)=\frac 1x\); then \(T\) is the Hardy average operator). The necessary and sufficient condition for the above inequality with decreasing \(g\) reads as \(\psi\in L^{r,\infty}(w)\), where \[ \psi(x)=\sup_{b>x}g(b) \left(\int_x^bw\right)^{1/p} \left(\int_0^xv^{1-p'}\right)^{1/p'}, \] \(p'=p/(p-1)\), \(\frac 1r=\frac 1q-\frac 1p\), and \(\| f\| _{r,\infty(w)}= \sup_{\lambda>0}\lambda(\int_{\{| f| >\lambda\}} w)^{1/r}\). The proof combines ideas due to \textit{Q. Lai} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 124, No. 2, 527-537 (1996)] with the celebrated ``chopping'' technique due to the first author [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 117, No. 3, 691-698 (1993; Zbl 0771.42011)].