Solution to an Inverse Problem in Diffusion (Q4389211)

In this classroom note, the author intends to introduce the concept of inverse problems in partial differential equations to students at the level of calculus. For this purpose a mathematical model of homogeneous and isotropic diffusion concerning a fluid in a porous medium is briefly outlined. After simplification the diffusion equation \[ u'= s\Delta u-\lambda u \] with absorption rate \(\lambda\) is considered with specific boundary and initial conditions. In a series of theorems it is shown that the relevant parameters of the diffusion process can be expressed in a closed form based on a finite number of measurements for \(u\), where \(u\) can be interpreted as pressure as well as density of the fluid. All the verifications are realized for an \(n\)-dimensional geometry. The number of required measurements in one of the theorems depends upon the dimension number \(n\).