Spectral real semigroups (Q439225)

In the paper under review the authors investigate spectral real semigroups. Real semigroups, invented by the same authors in [Contemp. Math. 344, 99--119 (2004; Zbl 1117.13026)], constitute a functorial dual to the abstract real spectra first introduced in [\textit{M. A. Marshall}, Spaces of orderings and abstract real spectra. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1636. Berlin: Springer (1996; Zbl 0866.12001)], or to real reduced multirings, also defined by \textit{M. A. Marshall} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 205, No. 2, 452--468 (2006; Zbl 1089.14009)]. Spectral real semigroups is, in turn, a broad class of real semigroups, whose introduction was motivated by the spectral topology of the character space of reduced semigroups. The paper is centered around four main results: firstly, the authors establish an anti-equivalence between the category of hereditarily normal spectral spaces with spectral maps and the category of spectral real semigroups: the \({\mathcal L}_{RS}\) structures dual to arbitrary spectral spaces verify all axioms for real semigroups with one possible exception. Secondly, they show that the spectral real semigroups are exactly the real semigroups for which the representation partial order is a distributive lattice; in fact, this property is equivalent to the assertion that the representation partial order has a lattice structure and that the real semigroup characters are lattice homomorphisms. Thirdly, quotients of spectral real semigroups are investigated and it is shown that the structure of real semigroup congruences of any spectral real semigroup is completely determined by a proconstructible subset of its character space. Fourthly, the paper concludes with the proof that the real semigroup associated to any lattice-ordered ring is spectral and that the spectral hull of the real semigroup associated to any semi-real ring is canonically isomorphic to the real semigroup of its real closure in the sense of \textit{A. Prestel} and \textit{N. Schwartz} [Fields Inst. Commun. 32, 261--290 (2002; Zbl 1018.12009)].