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This book offers an authoritative introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. It presents a unified presentation of four relatively new for this area methodologies: Least Squares Econometric Production Models; Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Indices; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); and Stochastic Frontiers. Each method is discussed thoroughly. The authors give a detailed introduction to the basic methods, give a simple numerical example to illustrate the concepts and then discuss some of the most important extensions of the presented basic methods. The text also contains some references for further reading. For each methodology one or more case studies are provided as a full illustration of how the method can be used. All the methods are linked by their presentation by examining their advantages and disadvantages and the types of problems most suitable for application of each method. The book provides a detailed advice on computer programs which can be used for carrying out the required calculations with a number of presentations of computer instructions and output listings for the SHAZAM, TFPIF, DEAP and FRONTIER computer programs. The book may be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses or as a reference text.