Permutation polynomials with exponents in an arithmetic progression (Q4399428)

The authors look at the polynomials \[ h_{k,r,s}(x)= x^r\sum_{j=0}^k x^{js} \] over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) for \(q=p^t\) where \(p\) is a prime. They provide necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of \(k\) and \(r\) for these \(h_{k,r,1}(x)\) to be a permutation polynomial over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) when \(q=p\) or \(q=p^2\). Also, they prove that if \(h_{k,r,s}(x)\) is a permutation polynomial over \(\mathbb{F}_q\), then \((k+1)^s= \pm 1\).