RADICAL THEORY FOR SEMIRINGS (Q4400403)

The authors improve upon the Kurosh-Amitsur radical theory of D. M. Olson, et al., including the correction of the claim that for the upper radical \(U(M)\) determined by a special or weakly special class \(M\) of hemirings, the radical for any hemiring \(S\) is equal to the intersection of all ideals \(I\) of \(S\) such that \(S/I\in M\). This intersection is always contained in the radical of \(S\), but the authors give an example where equality fails, using zero-sum free and zero-divisor free semirings. The authors develop additional results concerning the upper radical generated by the classes \(M_\infty(U)\) and \(M_\in(U)\) of all prime and semiprime hemirings, respectively, of a universal class \(U\). They prove, among other things, that the intersection of all prime ideals, the intersection of all semiprime \(k\)-ideals and the intersection of all semiprime ideals of a hemiring \(S\) are identical. This implies that \(M_\in(U)\) is a semisimple class, as well as the fact that the intersection of all prime (or semiprime) ideals of any hemiring is a \(k\)-ideal. The article concludes with results for the radicals generated by the classes of strongly prime, uniformly strongly prime and superprime hemirings. A new special class, of all zero-divisor free hemirings, is introduced.