Linear Maps Transforming the Unitary Group (Q4408607)
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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1941486
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| English | Linear Maps Transforming the Unitary Group |
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1941486 |
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Linear Maps Transforming the Unitary Group (English)
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2003
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linear map
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unitary group
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general linear group
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complex matrices
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linear transformation
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unitary matrices
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0.832814633846283
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0.7814006209373474
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0.7798784971237183
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0.7798784971237183
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Let \(M_n\) be the algebra of \(n\times n\) complex matrices, \(U(n)\) be the group of \(n\times n\) unitary matrices. The main result of this paper is that if \(\phi: M_n\to M_m\) is a linear transformation satisfying \(\phi(U(n))\subseteq U(m)\), then \(m\) is a multiple of \(n\) and \[ \phi(A)=V[(A\otimes I_s)\oplus(A^t\otimes T_r)]W \] for some fixed \(V,W\in U(m)\). The characterization of linear operators that map \(U(n)\) into itself obtained by \textit{M. Marcus} [ Duke Math. J. 26, 155--163 (1959; Zbl 0084.01701)] can be obtained as a consequence of this result. Further generalization of the main theorem is also discussed.
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