What commuting means (Q4409732)

We are concerned with sequences of the form \( a(0) = 1 \), \( a(1) \), \( a(2) \), \( \ldots \) and with lower triangular weight matrices \( W(a) \) derived from them by setting \[ W(a|i,j) = a(j) / \Bigl\{\sum a(k) \mid 0 \leq k \leq i \Bigr\}. \] \( W(a) \) and \( W(b) \) commute multiplicatively if and only if for some \( \alpha \) and \[ S(a \|\alpha |h) = \Bigl\{ \sum a(t) \mid 0 \leq t < h \Bigr\} + \alpha \times a(h) \] with \( h >0 \), the elements of \( b \) are given in terms of those of \( a \) by setting \[ b(k) = \alpha \times a(k) \times \Bigl\{ \prod S(a \|\alpha |h) / S(a \|0 |h) \mid 0 < h < k \Bigr\} \] for \( k > 0 \) (it then follows that the elements of \( a \) are given in terms of those of \( b \) by means of a similar formula). Related results are given for Nörlund matrices \( N(a) \) derived by setting \[ N(a|i,j) = a(i-j) / \Bigl\{\sum a(k) \mid 0 \leq k \leq i \Bigr\}. \]