(0,1) Pál-type interpolation: A general method for regularity (Q4421602)

The article is devoted to interpolation with non-uniformly distributed nodes. The authors consider the interpolation problems of the following kind. Given two polynomials \(p(z)\) and \(q(z)\) with simple zeroes \(\{z_i\}_{i=1}^n\in{\mathbb C}\) and \(\{w_j\}_{j=1}^m\in{\mathbb C}\), respectively, given data \(\{c_i\}_{i=1}^n,\{d_j\}_{j=1}^m\in{\mathbb C}\). Find a polynomial \(P_k\) of degree at most \(k\), \(k=m+n-1\), with complex coefficients such that \[ P_k(z_i)=c_i,\quad i=1,\dots,n, \quad\text{and}\quad P_k'(w_j)=d_j,\quad j=1,\dots,m. \] Very often the method of proof of regularity are dependent on the problem. The aim of the present article is to study the following method in a ``general setting'': find a differential equation for \(P_k\) (or for a factor of \(P_k\)) and show that if this equation has a polynomial solution, the solution must be the trivial one. Let us cite one of the results obtained. Theorem. If there exist polynomials \(g(z)\), \(r_1(z)\), \(r_2(z)\) such that \[ p(z)=(\alpha_0+\alpha_1z)g(z)+ r_1(z)q(z), \] \[ p'(z)=\beta_0g(z)+r_2(z)q(z), \quad\beta_0\neq 0, \] satisfying the condition \[ g(w_j)\neq 0,\quad j=\overline{1,m}, \] then \((0,1)\) Pál-type interpolation on the zeroes of \(\{p(z),q(z)\}\) is regular (1) for \(\alpha_1=0\), (2) for \(\alpha_1\neq 0\) if and only if \(-\beta_0/\alpha_1\not\in\{1,2,\dots,m-1\}\). The consideration is illustrated by several useful examples. The article is highly recommended for researchers in approximation theory. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1007.00035].