Eichler integrals, period relations and Jacobi forms (Q444180)

The authors write themselves: ``This paper contains three main results: The first one is to derive two `period relations' and the second one is a complete characterization of `period functions' of Jacobi forms in terms of period relations. These are done by introducing the concept of `Jacobi integrals' on the Jacobi group. The last one is to show, for a given holomorphic function \(P(\tau,z)\) having two period relations, there exists a unique Jacobi integral, up to Jacobi forms, with the given \(P(\tau,z)\) as its period function.'' Let \(\mathcal{H}\) be the usual upper complex half plane and \(\tau \in \mathcal{H}\) a variable living in it. Let \(z \in \mathbb{C}^j\) for some \(j \in \mathbb{N}\). Recall the Jacobi group \(\Gamma^J\) for a given subgroup \(\Gamma \subset \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\) of finite index: \[ \Gamma^J:= \Gamma \propto \mathbb{Z}^{2j} = \big\{ \big[M, (\lambda,\mu)\big] \;\; M \in \Gamma, \, \lambda, \mu \in \mathbb{Z}^j \big\}. \] The Jacobi group satisfies the group law \[ \big[M_1, (\lambda_1,\mu_1)\big] \, \big[M_2, (\lambda_2,\mu_2)\big] = \big[M_1M_2, (\lambda_1,\mu_1)M_2 + (\lambda_2,\mu_2)\big] \] and acts on \(\mathcal{H} \times \mathbb{C}^j\) by \[ \gamma(\tau,z) = \left( \frac{a\tau + b}{c\tau+d} , \frac{z+\lambda \tau + \mu}{c\tau + d} \right) \] for all \(\gamma = \big[ {a \; b \choose c \; d}, (\lambda,\mu)\big] \in \Gamma^J\). Define furthermore \[ j_{k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \big( \gamma,(\tau,z) \big) := (c\tau+d)^{-k} \, e^{2\pi i \, \mathrm{Tr}\big(\mathcal{M}^{(j)}(-z^t \frac{c}{c\tau+d} z + \lambda^t \frac{a\tau + b}{c\tau + d} \lambda + 2 \lambda^t \frac{z}{c\tau d} + \lambda^t \mu)\big)} \] for \(\gamma = \bigg[ {a \; b \choose c \; d}, (\lambda,\mu)\bigg] \in \Gamma^J\), \(k \in \frac{1}{2} \mathbb{Z}\) and \(\mathcal{M}^{(j)} \in M_{j \times j}\big(\frac{1}{2} \mathbb{Z}\big)\). The \textit{slash operator} on a function \(f: \mathcal{H} \times \mathbb{C}^j \to \mathbb{C}\) is defined as \[ \big(f \big|_{\omega,k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \gamma \big) (\tau,z) := \omega(\gamma) \, j_{k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \big(\gamma,(\tau,z)\big) \, f\big(\gamma(\tau,z)\big) \] for all \(\gamma \in \Gamma^J\) where \(\omega(\gamma)\) is the multiplier system of weight \(k\) on \(\Gamma^J\) (satisfying the usual comparability relation). A real analytic function \(f:\mathcal{H}\times \mathbb{C}^j \to \mathbb{C}\) is called a (real analytic) \textit{Jacobi function} of weight \(k \in \frac{1}{2}\mathbb{Z}\) and index \(\mathcal{M}^{(j)}\) with multiplier system \(\omega\) if \[ f \big|_{\omega,k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \gamma = f \qquad \text{for all } \gamma \in \Gamma^J \] holds and if \(f\) satisfies a certain growth condition. The space of Jacobi forms is denoted by \(J_{\omega,k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}}\big(\Gamma^J\big)\). \smallskip Let \(\mathcal{M}^{(j)}\) be a fixed element in \(M_{j\times j}(\mathbb{Z})\) and \(\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{M}^{(j)}}\) be the space of functions \(g\) which are holomorphic in \(\mathcal{H} \times \mathbb{C}^j\) and satisfy the growth condition \[ \big| g(\tau,z)\big| \leq K \big( |\tau|^\rho + \text{im}(\tau)^{-\sigma} \big) \, e^{2 \pi \text{Tr}\left( \frac{\mathcal{M}^{(j)} \, y^ty}{\text{im}(\tau)}\right)} \] for some positive constants \(K\), \(\rho\) and \(\sigma\), and \(y= \text{im}(z)= \big(\text{im}(z_1),\ldots, \text{im}(z_j)\big)\). The set \(\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{M}^{(j)}}\) is a complex vector space and is preserved under the slash operator for any real \(k\). \textbf{Definition.} A real analytic function \(f: \mathcal{H}\times \mathbb{C}^j \to \mathbb{C}\), which is periodic with respect to both variables \(\tau\) and \(z\), is called a \textit{Jacobi integral} of weight \(k \in \frac{1}{2} \mathbb{Z}\) and index \(\mathcal{M}^{(j)}\) with a multiplier system \(\omega\) and holomorphic \textit{period functions} \(P_\gamma \in \mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{M}^{(j)}}\) on \(\Gamma^J\) if it satisfies the following conditions: (1) \(\big(f \big|_{\omega,k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \gamma \big) (\tau,z) = f(\tau,z) + P_\gamma(\tau,z)\) for all \(\gamma \in \Gamma^J\), (2) \(f(\tau,z) = \mathcal{O} \big( e^{\alpha \text{im}(\tau)}\, e^{2 \pi \text{Tr}\left( \frac{\mathcal{M}^{(j)} \, y^ty}{\text{im}(\tau)}\right)} \big)\) as \(\text{im}(\tau) \to \infty\) and for some \(\alpha > 0\). Then, the first two main results are the following \textbf{Theorem.} Let \(r\) be any real number, \(m >0\) and \(\omega\) a multiplier system of weight \(r\) and index \(m\). Suppose that \(\big\{ \varphi_\gamma ;\; \gamma \in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})^J\big\}\) is a parabolic cocycle of weight \(r\) and index \(m\) in \(\mathcal{P}_m\). then there is a unique meromorphic function, up to Jacobi forms, \(f: \mathcal{H} \times \mathbb{C}^1 \to \mathbb{C}\) such that \[ \big(f \big|_{\omega,k,\mathcal{M}^{(j)}} \gamma \big) (\tau,z) - f(\tau,z) = \varphi_\gamma(\tau,z) \] for all \(\gamma \in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})^J\). This \(f\) is called a Jacobi integral of weight \(r\) and index \(m\) with period functions \(\big\{ \varphi_\gamma ;\; \gamma \in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})^J\big\}\). Put \(I={1 \; 0 \choose 0 \; 1}\), \(S={1 \; 1 \choose 0 \; 1}\) and \(T={0 \; -1 \choose 1 \; 0}\). \textbf{Theorem.} Take a multiplier system \(\omega\) with \(\omega(-I)=1\). If a Jacobi integral \(f\) is even and periodic with respect to \(z\), i.e., \(P_{\big[-I,(0,0)\big]}(\tau,z) = P_{\big[I,(0,0)\big]}(\tau,z) = 0\), then the period functions \(P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}(\tau,z)\) and \(P_{\big[I,(1,0)\big]}(\tau,z)\) satisfy the following properties: (1) \(P_{\big[T,(1,0)\big]} = P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\), (2) \(P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]} + P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[T,(0,0)\big] = 0\), (3) \(P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]} + P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[ST,(0,0)\big] + P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[(ST)^2,(0,0)\big] = 0\), (4) \(P_{\big[I,(1,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[T,(0,0)\big] = -P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]} + P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[I,(0,-1)\big]\), (5) \(P_{\big[I,(1,0)\big]} = P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]} - P_{\big[T,(0,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[-I,(1,0)\big]\) and (6) \(P_{\big[I,(1,0)\big]} + P_{\big[I,(1,0)\big]}\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[-I,(1,0)\big] = 0\). The third main result says basically: the set of all \(P \in \mathcal{P}_m\) satisfying the properties (2) and (3) above, i.e., \[ P + P\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[T,(0,0)\big] = P + P\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[ST,(0,0)\big] + P\big|_{\omega,k,m}\big[(ST)^2,(0,0)\big] = 0, \] is a generating set of all parabolic cocycles of \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})^J\).