No label defined (Q4451315)

The concept of `\(H_v\)-group' was introduced by the author [in Algebraic hyperstructures and applications, Proc. 4th Int. Congr., Xanthi/Greece 1990, 203-211 (1991; Zbl 0763.16018)] and it is a hyperstructure \((H,\circ)\) such that \((x\circ y)\circ z\cap x\circ(y\circ z)\neq\emptyset\), for all \(x,y,z\) in \(H\) (weak associativity) and the reproductive axiom holds: \(x\circ H=H\circ x=H\), for all \(x\in H\). If \((H,\circ)\) satisfies only the first axiom, then it is called an `\(H_v\)-semigroup'. Let \((H,\circ)\) be an \(H_v\)-group and let us denote by \(\mathcal U\) the set of all finite products of elements of \(H\). We define the relation \(\beta\) in \(H\) as follows: \(x\beta y\) iff \(\{x,y\}\subseteq u\) where \(u\in{\mathcal U}\). Then the fundamental relation \(\beta^*\) is the transitive closure of the relation \(\beta\). The \(H_v\)-semigroup \((H,\cdot)\) is called \(h/v\)-group if the quotient \(H/\beta^*\) is a group. A \(h/v\)-group is a generalization of the \(H_v\)-groups because in \(h/v\)-groups the productivity is not necessarily valid. In the paper under review, the author studies how one can enlarge \(H_v\)-structures by attaching elements and how one can reduce \(H_v\)-structures by removing, absorbing or merging elements. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1024.00027].