The existence of uniform attractors for 3D Brinkman-Forchheimer equations (Q445239)

The authors investigate the 3D non-autonomous Brinkman-Forchheimer equation (for the unknowns \(u,p\)) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} - \nu \Delta u + \alpha u + \beta |u| u + \gamma |u|^ 2 u + \nabla p=g(t,x),\, \operatorname{div} u=0,\quad x \in \Omega,\;t>\tau,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu|_{\partial \Omega}=0,\quad t > \tau,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu(\tau,x)=u_{\tau}(x),\quad x \in \Omega,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\alpha\) is the Darcy coefficient and \(\beta,\gamma\) are the Forchheimer coefficients and \(\Omega\) is a bounded Lipschitz domain in \(\mathbb{R}^ 3\). The existence of the compact uniform attractor is proved in the space \(V=\{u \in H^{1}(\Omega)^3: \operatorname{div}u=0,\;u|_{\partial \Omega}=0\}\) with respect to \(g \in H_{\omega}(g_0)\), where \(H_{\omega}(g_0)\) is the closure of \(H(g_0):=\{g(\cdot +h): h \in \mathbb R\}\) in the weak topology of \(L^2_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R};H)\), with \(H=\{u \in L^ 2(\Omega)^3: \operatorname{div}u=0,\;u_{\partial \Omega}=0\}\). \(g_0\) is given and assumed to be normal in the sense that, for each \(\varepsilon>0\), there exists \(\delta>0\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\sup_{t \in \mathbb{R}}\int_{t}^{t+\delta}\|g_0\|_H^ 2\, ds \leq \varepsilon.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE In the paper, the method of regularization of solutions and compact embedding are used to infer the uniformly \(\omega\)-limit compactness of the associated evolution process in the space \(V\). Under additional assumptions, the unique existence of bounded and asymptotically stable solutions is proved.