The extreme rays of the \(5 \times 5\) copositive cone (Q445811)

A real symmetric \(n\times n\) matrix \(A\) is called copositive if \(x^T A x \geq 0\) for all \(x \in \mathbb R^n_+\). The set of copositive matrices forms a convex cone \(C_n\), the copositive cone. For \(n\geq 5\) there exist matrices in \(C_n\) which cannot be represented as a sum of a positive semi-definite matrix and a nonnegative matrix. An example of such a matrix is the so-called Horn form. By a result of \textit{L. D. Baumert} [Pac. J. Math. 20, 1--20 (1967; Zbl 0189.32904)] there exist extreme rays of \(C_5\) which are neither a sum of a semidefinite and a nonnegative matrix nor equivalent to the Horn form. The main theorem contains a semi-trigonometric parametrisation of these extreme rays, thus providing an exhaustive explicit description of all extreme rays of the cone \(C_5\).