Compact generalized polygons and Moore graphs as stable graphs (Q447743)

In this paper the notion of a stable graph is introduced, and various results are proved about the class of stable graphs. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE NEWLINEFor a graph \(\mathcal{G} = (V,E)\) and an integer \(k \geq 2\), define \(D_k\) to be the set of all pairs of vertices which are distance \(k\) apart. The graph \(\mathcal{G}\) is called \(k\)-stable if the girth of \(\mathcal{G}\) is greater than \(2k\), all vertices are adjacent to at least three others, and if \(V\) carries a topology such that \(D_k\) is open in \(V^2\) and the map NEWLINENEWLINE\[NEWLINEf : D_k \to V_{k+1},\;(v,w)\mapsto p,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINEwhere \(p\) is the unique path from \(v\) to \(w\), is continuous. NEWLINEA graph is called stable if it is \(k\)-stable for some \(k\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE NEWLINEThe two most interesting classes of stable graphs are the compact Moore graphs (a Moore graph is a graph with finite diameter \(d \geq 2\) and girth \(2d+1\)), and a certain subclass of the compact generalized polygons (a generalized polygon is a bipartite graph with finite diameter \(d \geq 3\) and girth \(2d\)). These two classes of graph occur in many settings and have been much studied. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE NEWLINELet us illustrate the tenor of this interesting paper with two results. Suppose that \(\mathcal{G} = (V,E)\) is a stable graph. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE NEWLINEThe first result states that if the topology on \(V\) is discrete, then \(\mathcal{G}\) is \(k\)-stable for any \(k\), while if the topology on \(V\) is non-discrete, then \(\mathcal{G}\) is \(k\)-stable for a unique value of \(k\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE NEWLINESuppose in addition that \(\mathcal{G}\) is graph-connected, locally connected and non-discrete. The second result states that the following statements are equivalent: NEWLINE{\parindent=6mm NEWLINE\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\mathcal{G}\) is a generalized polygon, and the vertex set is locally compact. NEWLINE\item[(2)] The vertex set is compact, and the adjacency relation is closed. \item[(3)] All panels are compact. NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}} NEWLINEAn interesting corollary to this result gives conditions under which an infinite stable Moore graph is homeomorphic to the Cantor set.