A non-commutative homogeneous coordinate ring for the degree six del Pezzo surface (Q448397)

The surface obtained by blowing up \(\mathbb P^2\) at three non-collinear points is independent of the points. It is called the del Pezzo surface of degree six, and is denoted \(\mathbb B_3\). Let \(R\) be the non-commutative algebra \(\mathbb C\langle x,y\rangle/(x^5-yxy,y^2-xyx)\), given a grading by \(\deg x=1\) and \(\deg y=2\). The main result of the article is the following: Let \(\text{Gr} R\) be the category of \(\mathbb Z\)-graded left \(R\)-modules. There is an equivalence of categories \[ \text{Qcoh}\mathbb B_3\equiv\frac{\text{Gr}}{\text{F}\dim R} \] where the left-hand side is the category of quasi coherent \(\mathcal O_{\mathbb B_3}\)-modules and the right-hand side is the quotient category modulo the the full subcategory \(\text{F}\dim R\) consisting of those modules that are the sum of their finite submodules. Let \(\mathcal L=\mathcal O(-E)\) be the invertible \(\mathcal O_{\mathbb B_3}\)-module corresponding to a \((-1)\)-curve \(E\) and \(\sigma\) an order \(6\) automorphism of \(\mathbb B_3\) that cyclically permutes the six \((-1)\)-curves on \(\mathbb B_3\). Then the result above follows from the fact that \(R\) is isomorphic to the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring \[ B(\mathbb B_3,\mathcal L,\sigma)=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}H^0(\mathbb B_3,\mathcal L_n) \] where \(\mathcal L_n=\mathcal L\otimes (\sigma^\ast)\mathcal L\otimes\cdots\otimes(\sigma^\ast)^{n-1}\mathcal L.\) Results from Artin, Tate, Van den Bergh, and Stephenson imply that \(R\), as it is isomorphic to \(B(\mathbb B_3,\mathcal L,\sigma)\), is a 3-dimensional Artin-Schelter regular algebra and therefore has specific properties of non-commutative algebras, listed in the article. The close connection between \(R\) and \(\mathbb B_3\) means that almost all aspects of the representation theory of \(R\) can be expressed in terms of the geometry of \(\mathbb B_3\). The justification of calling \(R\) a non-commutative homogenous coordinate ring for \(\mathbb B_3\) is the similarity between the equivalence of categories and the theorem of Serre: If \(X\subset\mathbb P^n\) is the scheme-theoretic zero locus of a graded ideal \(I\) in \(S=\mathbb C[x_0,\dots,x_n]\) with its standard grading, and \(A=S/I\), then there is an equivalence of categories \[ \text{Qcoh}X\equiv\frac{\text{Gr}A}{\text{Fdim}A} \] where the right hand side is the quotient category of graded \(A\)-modules by the full subcategory consisting of modules whose non-zero finitely generated submodules have support only at the origin. The author proves that \(R\) is an iterated Ore extension. The main point is to prove that \(R\) has the same Hilbert series as the weighted polynomial ring on three variables of weight \(1,2\), and \(3\). Then the main theorem is proved by constructing the del Pezzo surface \(\mathbb B_3\) and the the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring \(B(\mathbb B_3,\mathcal L,\sigma)\) explicitly. Then a graded isomorphism from \(R\) to \(B(\mathbb B_3,\mathcal L,\sigma)\) is also explicitly given. This is a nice article pinpointing the noncommutative algebraic geometry, and also inspiring to similar investigations.