On a system of two diophantine inequalities with prime numbers (Q4486444)

\textit{I. I. Piatetski-Shapiro} [Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 33, 559-566 (1953; Zbl 0053.02702)] considered a single Diophantine inequality with prime variables and \textit{D. I. Tolev} [Acta Arith. 69, 387-400 (1995; Zbl 0826.11046)] studied a system of two such inequalities \(|p_1^{c_i}+\cdots+p_5^{c_i}-N_i|<\varepsilon_i(N_i)\) for \(i=1\), 2, where \(1<c_2<c_1<2\), the \(p\)'s are prime numbers and \(\varepsilon_i(N_i)=o(1)\) as \(N_i\to+\infty\). Tolev proved that for \(1<c_2<c_1<35/34\) and for real numbers \(1<\alpha<\beta<5^{1-c_2/c_1}\), there exist \(N^{(0)}_i\) depending on \(c_1\), \(c_2\), \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) such that for \(N_i>N^{(0)}_i\) and \(\alpha\leq N_2\cdot N_1^{-c_2/c_1}\leq\beta\), the above system has a solution in prime numbers \(p_1\), \dots, \(p_5\) with \(\varepsilon_i(N_i)=N_i^{-(1/c_i)(35/34-c_i)}(\log N_i)^{12}\). The aim of the paper is to prove that the constant \(35/34\) can be replaced thoughout by \(25/24\) (at the cost of increasing the exponent of the logarithm in the definition of \(\varepsilon_i\) to 335). The proof is achieved by means of an improvement of a crucial estimate in Tolev's paper: this is done via a suitable analysis of several exponential sums based on variants of van der Corput's classical estimates.