CESÁRO CONULL FK-SPACES (Q4488697)

Let \(w\) denote the linear space of all complex sequences and \(\varphi\), \(m\), \(c\), \(c_0\) the sequence spaces (i.e. linear subspaces of \(w\)) of finitely non-zero sequences, bounded sequences, convergent sequences and null sequences, respectively. Denote by \(e\) the sequence of ones, \((1,1,\dots, 1,\dots)\), by \(\delta^k\) the sequence \((0,0,\dots, 0,1_{(k)},0,\dots)\) and, for every sequence \(x= (x_k)\), write \(x^{(n)}= \sum^n_{k=1} x_k\delta^k\). Finally, consider the following BK-sequence spaces: \[ h= \Biggl\{x\in c_0: \sum^\infty_{j=1} j|\Delta x_j|< \infty\Biggr\},\quad q= \Biggl\{x\in m: \sum^\infty_{j=1} j|\Delta^2 x_j|< \infty\Biggr\} \] with respective norms \(\|x\|= \sum^\infty_{j=1} j|\Delta x_j|+ \sup_j|x_j|\) and \(\|x\|= \sum^\infty_{j=1} j|\Delta^2 x_j|+ \sup_j|x_j|\), where, as usual, \(\Delta x_j= x_j- x_{j+1}\) and \(\Delta^2 x_j= \Delta x_j- \Delta x_{j+1}\). Let \((X,\tau)\) be an FK-space (i.e. a complete metrizable locally convex vector space of sequences with continuous coordinate functionals) containing \(\varphi_1= \varphi\cup\{e\}\). \((X,\tau)\) is said to be a conull space (Yurimyae and Snyder) if \(e-e^{(n)}\to 0\) (weakly) in \(X\). It is said to be a strongly conull space (Bennett) if \(e- e^{(n)}\to 0\) in \(X\). Also, an FK-space \((X,\tau)\) containing \(\varphi_1\) is called strongly \(C_1\)-conull if \(\mu^{(n)}:= e-{1\over n} \sum^n_{k=1} e^{(k)}\to 0\) in \(X\) and, simply, \(C_1\)-conull if \(\mu_n\to 0\) (weakly), i.e. \[ f(e)= \lim_n {1\over n} \sum^n_{k=1} \sum^k_{j=1} f(\delta^{(j)}),\quad\text{for all }f\in X'. \] The Cesàro conullity concept was introduced by G. Bennett. In this interesting paper the author, motivated by some suggestions of G. Bennett, studies the property of Cesàro conullity (mainly of the strong one) for FK-spaces and gives some characterizations for Cesàro conull FK-spaces. He also gives some applications of his results to summability domains. We reproduce here three of this results. Theorem 4.2. Let \((X,\tau)\) be an FK-space. Then the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(X\) is strongly \(C_1\)-conull; (ii) For some \(z\in w\) such that \(z_n= o(n)\), \[ \Biggl\{x\in w: (\Delta x_{n-1})\in c_0\text{ and }\sum^\infty_{n=1}|z_n||\Delta^2 x_{n-1}|< \infty,\;x_0= 0\Biggr\}\subset X; \] (iii) For some strictly increasing sequence \(s= (s_n)_{n\in\aleph}\) of nonnegative integers with \(s_1= 0\), \[ \Biggl\{x\in w:(\Delta x_{n-1})\in c_0\text{ and }\sup_n \sum^{s_{n+1}}_{j= s_n+ 1} j|\Delta^2 x_{j-1}|< \infty,\;x_0= 0\Biggr\}\subset X \] and the inclusion mapping is compact. (iv) \(q\subset X\) and the inclusion mapping is compact. Theorem 4.4. An FK-space \(X\) is \(C_1\)-conull if and only if \(q\subset K\) and the inclusion mapping is weakly compact. Corollary 4.5. The intersection of all strongly \(C_1\)-conull FK-spaces is \(q\).