On large volume preserving stable CMC surfaces in initial data sets (Q449163)

The paper is devoted to the study of volume preserving stable constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces (complete with no boundary, properly embedded, orientable, and two-sided) in initial data sets \((M,g)\), i.e., connected complete asymptotically flat Riemannian \(3\)-manifolds. The main results are stated as follows: Let \((M,g)\) be an initial data set with non-negative scalar curvature. Let the scalar curvature be positive in a neighborhood of a non-empty compact subset \(K\subset M\). Then for every \(\Theta > 0\) there exists a constant \(A\) depending only on \((M,g)\), \(K\), and \(\Theta\) such that each connected closed volume preserving stable CMC surface of quadratic area growth with constant \(\Theta\) and of area not less than \(A\) doesn't intersect \(K\) (Theorem 1.5). Moreover, if the scalar curvature of \((M,g)\) is positive then the condition of quadratic area growth can be omitted: For a fixed point \(p\in M\) and every \(r \geq 1\) there exists a constant \(A_r\) such that each connected closed volume preserving stable CMC surface of area not less than \(A\) doesn't intersect the ball \(B_r\) with the center at \(p\) (Theorem 1.6). The proofs of these theorems are based on ideas from the proof of positive mass theorem by Schoen and Yau. Together with the results of Huisken, Yau, Qing, and Tian, the results of the paper allow to describe completely large, connected closed volume preserving stable CMC surfaces in some class of initial data sets: If \((M,g)\) is \(\mathcal{C}^2\)-asymptotic to Schwarzschild with positive mass and of positive scalar curvature then such surfaces with sufficiently large area are uniquely determined by their area and foliate the exterior of some bounded region in \((M,g)\) (Theorem 1.8). Also, the authors prove some results on the structure of large, closed volume preserving stable CMC surfaces in Section 5 of the paper. In particular, bounds on the number of connected components of such surfaces are obtained (Proposition 5.4).