Hardy Space Estimate for the Product of Singular Integrals (Q4493530)

For \(0\leq \lambda<\infty\), one defines the set \(G(\lambda)\) by \[ G(\lambda)= \biggl\{a\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus \{0\}):|\partial^\beta_\xi a(\xi)|\leq C_\beta|\xi|^{- \lambda-|\beta|}\text{ for every multi-index }\beta\biggr\}. \] Let \[ {\mathcal S}_0= \{f\in{\mathcal S}(\mathbb{R}^n):\widehat f(\xi)\text{ vanishes in a neighborhood of }\xi= 0\}. \] If \(a\in G(\lambda)\), one defines the linear operator \(T:{\mathcal S}_0\to{\mathcal S}_0\) by \((Tf)^\wedge(\xi)= a(\xi) \widehat f(\xi)\). Let \({\mathcal K}(\lambda)\), \(0\leq\lambda< \infty\), be the set of all the operators \(T\) corresponding to \(a\in G(\lambda)\). The multilinear operator \(\Lambda\) is defined by \[ \Lambda(f_1,\dots, f_k)= \sum_{\sigma\in{\mathcal A}} \prod^k_{j=1} T^\sigma_j f_j\quad\text{for }f_1,\dots, f_k\in{\mathcal S}_0, \] where \({\mathcal A}\) is a finite index set and \(T^\sigma_j\in {\mathcal K}(\lambda^\sigma_j)\) for \(j= 1,\dots, k\). The author considers the case where \(\sum^k_{j=1} \lambda^\sigma_j= \lambda\) is independent of \(\sigma\in{\mathcal A}\). Let \(p_1,\dots, p_k\) and \(q\leq 1\) be positive numbers such that \(\infty> p^{-1}_j> \lambda^\sigma_j n^{-1}\) and \(\sum^k_{j=1} (p^{-1}_j- \lambda^\sigma_j n^{-1})= 1/q\). When \(k=2\), or when \(k\geq 3\) and all the operators \(T^\sigma_j\) are homogeneous, the author proves that \[ \|\Lambda(f_1,\dots, f_k)\|_{H^q(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C \prod^k_{j= 1}\|f_j\|_{H^{p_j}(\mathbb{R}^n)} \] for all \(f_1,\dots, f_k\in{\mathcal S}_0\) if and only if \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\Lambda(f_1,\dots, f_k)(x) x^\beta dx= 0\quad\text{for }|\beta|\leq [n/q- n] \] is satisfied for all \(f_1,\dots, f_k\in{\mathcal S}_0\). The homogeneity assumption in the case \(k\geq 3\) can be removed if one assumes further moment conditions. An application to Sobolev spaces and some examples are also given.