A generalized fundamental principle (Q4494729)

Let \(v\) be a valuation of a field \(K\) and let \(\overline v\) be any extension of \(v\) to the algebraic closure \(\overline K\) of \(K\). For any subextension \(L/K\) of \(\overline K/K\), let \(G(L)\), \(\text{Res}(L)\) denote, resp., the value group and the residue field of the restriction of \(\overline v\) to \(L\). For \(a\in\overline K\), \(a\notin K\) define \[ \delta_K(a)= \sup\biggl\{ \overline v(a-c); c\in\overline K,\;\bigl[K(c): K\bigr]< \bigl[K(a): K\bigr] \biggr\}. \] Let us consider the following statements: (i) \(G(K(a))\subset G(K(b))\); (ii) \(\text{Res} (K(a))\subset \text{Res} (K(b))\); (iii) \([K(a): K]\) divides \([K(b):K]\). \textit{N. Popescu} and \textit{A. Zaharescu} [J. Number Theory 52, 98-118 (1995; Zbl 0838.11078)] proved that (i)--(iii) hold under the assumptions that \(\overline v(a-b)> \delta_K(a)\) and \((K,v)\) is a complete discrete rank one valued field. The present authors prove that the same holds under the first assumption for a rank one Henselian valuation \(v\) of \(K\) having unique extension to \(\overline K\). Other results are similar.