Parametric Resonance in Wave Equations with a Time-Periodic Potential (Q4509596)

The author considers the wave equation \[ u_{tt}-\Delta u+ q_0(x) u+\varepsilon p(t) q_1(x)= 0,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(p(t)\) has the period \(T\), \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter, \(q_0(x)\) and \(q_1(x)\) have compact support in \(\mathbb{R}^3\). After recalling some facts of Kato's treatment of analytic perturbations of linear operators, the author applies this theory to an abstract evolution equation \(u_t= Au+\varepsilon p(t)Qu\) in a complex Hilbert space, where the operators \(A\) and \(Q\) satisfy some conditions. Obtained results are then applied to a local semigroup \(Z(t)\) associated with the solutions to \((*)\) with \(\varepsilon= 0\). It is shown that if \(\delta_0= \nu_0+ i\mu_0\) is a scattering frequency for \((*)\) with \(\varepsilon= 0\) (i.e. \(\exp(i\delta_0 t)\) is an eigenvalue for \(z(t)\)), no generalized eigenvectors and \(T= 2\pi/\nu_0\), then \(\delta_0\) splits into several branches when \(\varepsilon\neq 0\). An interesting example of such splitting is given for spherically symmetric solutions when \(q_0\) and \(q_1\) are real constants.