Existence Verification for Singular Zeros of Complex Nonlinear Systems (Q4509687)

There exists a wide spectrum of methods for solving \(F(x)=0\), where \(F\) is a nonlinear function \(\mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^n\). Fixed point theorems in conjunction with interval-analysis can be used to automatically verify existence and uniqueness of a solution within a given region \(D\). Most methods, however, succeed only when the Jacobian of \(F\) is regular in \(D\). In problems such as bifurcation or surface intersection, the Jacobian may be singular or ill-conditioned at the desired solution. In such cases, arbitrarily small perturbations of \(F\) can lead to no solution or many solutions in \(D\). The present paper provides a special-purpose tool for singular Jacobians in cases where \(F\) can be extended to an analytic function \(\mathbb C^n \to \mathbb C^n\). Existence verification is possible by computing the topological degree of \(F\) with respect to a prescribed region. The notion topological degree generalizes the sign-change of a one-dimensional real function and the winding-number of an analytic function. The topological degree gives the number of solutions of \(F(z)=0\), counting multiplicities, within a region in \(\mathbb C^n\). The authors describe in detail how to compute the topological degree of \(F\) with respect to a box in \(\mathbb C^n\). Hereby a sophisticated organization reduces the amount of work considerably, compared to previously known methods. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the presented algorithm.