No label defined (Q4510375)

The author proves the following imaginative result. Theorem. If \(l\) and \(k\) are positive integers, the monoids \((l\mathbb{N}+1,\cdot)\) and \((k\mathbb{N}+1,\cdot)\) are isomorphic if and only if the groups of units \(U(\mathbb{Z}_l)\) and \(U(\mathbb{Z}_k)\) are isomorphic. In one direction, the key result is Dirichlet's theorem: there are infinitely many prime numbers in arithmetic progressions, such that the ratio and the first term are relatively prime. Conversely, the uniqueness of the theory of divisors (suitable extended from rings to commutative monoids with cancellation) yields the missing link.