PBW-basis for the composition algebra of the Kronecker algebra (Q4513065)

The Hall algebra of a finite-dimensional associative algebra \(A\) with unit over a finite field \(k\) is a \(\mathbb{Q}\)-vector space with basis the isomorphism classes of all finite modules, with multiplication given by \([M]\cdot[N]:=\sum_{[L]}g_{M,N}^L[L]\), where \(g^L_{M,N}\) is the number of submodules \(V\) of \(L\) isomorphic to \(N\) with the quotient \(L/V\) isomorphic to \(M\); here \([M]\) denotes the isomorphism class of \(M\). The Hall algebra is an associative \(\mathbb{Q}\)-algebra with unit. The composition algebra \(C(A)\) of \(A\) is the subalgebra of the Hall algebra generated by the isomorphism classes of the simple modules. Suppose that \(A\) is a hereditary algebra with symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix \(\Delta\). \textit{C. M. Ringel} [Invent. Math. 101, No. 3, 583-591 (1990; Zbl 0735.16009), Isr. Math. Conf. Proc. 7, 171-176 (1993; Zbl 0852.17009), J. Reine Angew. Math. 470, 51-88 (1996; Zbl 0840.17010)] and \textit{J. A. Green} [Invent. Math. 120, No. 2, 361-377 (1995; Zbl 0836.16021)] have shown that the twisted generic version (where \(q=|k|\) is treated as an indeterminate) \(C_*(A)\) of \(C(A)\) is isomorphic to the positive part \(U^+\) of the Drinfel'd-Jimbo quantized enveloping algebra \(U\) associated to \(\Delta\). If \(A\) is of finite representation type, \(C(A)\) coincides with the Hall algebra of \(A\). The elements of \(C_*(A)\) corresponding to the isomorphism classes of all \(A\)-modules then form a natural basis of \(U^+\) of Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt type. However, if \(A\) is not of finite representation type, then \(C(A)\) is a proper subalgebra of the Hall algebra of \(A\). However \(C(A)\) has a triangular decomposition \(C(A)=P\otimes T\otimes I\), where \(P\) has as basis the isomorphism classes of preprojective modules, and \(I\) has as basis the isomorphism classes of preinjective modules. This was obtained by \textit{P. Zhang} [J. Algebra 206, No. 2, 505-540 (1998)]. In this paper, the author obtains a basis for \(T\), thus providing a PBW basis for \(C(A)\) in the case where \(A\) is the Kronecker algebra, the path algebra of the quiver with two vertices and two parallel arrows pointing from the first vertex to the second. He uses this to determine all modules \(M\) with \([M]\in C(A)\) when \(A\) is the Kronecker algebra. The proof uses Hall polynomials, representation theory, and combinatorics.