The Diophantine equation f(x) = g(y) (Q4522648)

Let \(K\) be a number field and \(S\) be a finite set of places of \(K\) containing all archimedean places. Denote by \(O_S\) the ring of \(S\)-integers of \(K\). Let \(F(x,y)\in K[x,y]\). We say that the equation \(F(x,y)= 0\) has infinitely many solutions with a bounded \(O_S\)-denominator if there exists a non-zero \(\Delta\in O_S\) such that \(F(x,y)= 0\) has infinitely many solutions \((x,y)\in K^2\) with \(\Delta x,\Delta y\in O_S\). In this paper the case of the equation \(f(x)= g(y)\), where \(f(x), g(x)\in K[x,y] \setminus K\), is studied. The authors determine an explicit set \(E\) of \(K[x] \times K[x]\) and prove that the equation \(f(x)= g(y)\) has infinitely many solutions with a bounded \(O_S\)-denominator if and only if \(f= \varphi\circ f_1\circ \lambda\) and \(g= \varphi\circ g_1\circ \mu\), where \(\lambda(x), \mu(x)\in K[x]\) are linear polynomials, \(\varphi(x)\in K[x]\), \((f_1(x), g_1(x))\in E\) and the equation \(f_1(x)= g_1(y)\) has infinitely many solutions with a bounded \(O_S\)-denominator.