Eigenvalues of Ramanujan graphs (Q4524320)

This paper surveys three methods of constructing Ramanujan graphs. Method 1 uses quaternion groups. See \textit{A. Lubotzky, R. S. Phillips} and \textit{P. Sarnak} [Combinatorica 8, 261-277 (1988; Zbl 0661.05035)] or \textit{M. Morgenstern} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B 62, 44-62 (1994; Zbl 0814.68098)]. Method 2 uses finite abelian groups [see \textit{W.-C. W. Li}, J. Number Theory 41, 199-217 (1992; Zbl 0760.11040)]. Method 3 uses finite non-abelian groups and gives finite upper half plane graphs [see \textit{A. A. Terras}, Fourier analysis on finite groups and applications, Cambridge Univ. Press (1999; Zbl 0928.43001), Chapters 19-21]. Here it is shown that the norm graphs of Li also arise from quaternion groups and the finite upper half plane graphs of Terras et al also arise from Morgenstern graphs. This implies that the spectra of these graphs are in the spectrum of the Hecke operators acting on automorphic forms. More recently, in a preprint titled ``Character sums and automorphic forms'', W.-C. W. Li and C.-L. Chai have shown that the eigenvalues of the finite upper half plane graphs tend to the semi-circle distribution as the number of points in the finite upper half plane goes to infinity. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0919.00047].