Jacobians of singular spectral curves and completely integrable systems (Q4525859)

Consider a system in Lax form, \(dA/dt=[A,B]\) where \(A\) and \(B\) are \((r\times r)\) matrix functions, polynomial in a variable \(x(t)\). The coefficient \(A_d\) of the leading term \(A_dx^d\) in the \(x\) polynomial defining \(A\) is a constant of motion. Define the function \(Q(x,y)=\det [A(x)-yI]\), and the isospectral manifold \[ V_Q^M= \bigl\{A(x): Q(x,y)=0,\;A_d=M\bigr\} \] Consider the affine curve \(X=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{C}^2: Q(x,y)=0\}\) and its compactification \(\overline X\), called the spectral curve for \(A\). Also, denote as \(\mathbb{P}_M\) the centralizer of \(M\) in the projective group \(\mathbb{P} GL_r (\mathbb{C})\). If \(X\) is smooth, then so is \(V_Q^M\), and a number of results are available in the literature. In particular, \textit{P. van Moerbeke} and \textit{D. Mumford} [Acta Math. 143, 93-154 (1979; Zbl 0502.58032] showed that, in this case, the quotient \(V_Q^M/ \mathbb{P}_M\) corresponds to a Zariski open subset in the Jacobian \(J(X)\); and that if \(X\) is non-smooth, \(V_Q^M/\mathbb{P} M\) corresponds to a Zariski open subset in a generalized Jacobian. Work by \textit{M. R. Adams}, \textit{J. Harnad} and \textit{J. Hurtubise} [Commun. Math. Phys. 134, 555-585 (1990; Zbl 0717.58051)] and by \textit{A. Beauville} [Acta Math. 164, No. 3/4, 211-235 (1990; Zbl 0712.58031)] showed that \(V_Q^M/ \mathbb{P}_M\) can also be described in terms of an affine part of the standard Jacobian \(J(X)\). Assume \(X\) is smooth and at \(q_i\in \overline X\), with \(x(q_i)=\infty\), \(\overline X\) is locally a normal crossing of several branches. Denote by \({\mathcal F}=\{(\mathbb{C}^r,M)\), \((E,K)\}\) the data at infinity of \(\overline X\), with \(M\in\text{End} (\mathbb{C}^r)\), \(E\) a vector space and \(K\in\text{End}(E)\); we denote by \(\pi\) the projection on \(E\). Assume \(M\) is diagonalizable, and \(K\) is diagonalizable with distinct eigenvalues. With this, one can introduce \[ {\mathcal M}_Q^{\mathcal F}=\bigl\{A\in V_Q^M:[\pi A_{d-1}]_E= K\bigr\}. \] Then the author considers the (singular) curve \(Y\) obtained from the smooth compactification of \(X\) by identifying the ``infinite'' points on \(X\), and denote by \(\Theta(Y)\) the theta divisor formed by special line bundles on \(Y\) of degree equal to the arithmetic genus of \(Y\). The main result of the paper is that the manifold \({\mathcal M}^{\mathcal F}_Q\) is smooth and bi-holomorphic to a Zariski open subset of the generalized Jacobian \(J(Y)-\Theta(Y)\).