No label defined (Q4528095)

The paper deals with the generalizations of S. M. Ulam's problem for approximately additive mappings. The discussion concerning this problem turns out to be the motivation for the introduction of the notion of \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-quasicharacter and \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-pseudocharacter. Let \(S\) be an arbitrary semigroup, let \(\psi :\mathbb R^+\to\mathbb R^+\) be an increasing function such that \(\psi (t)<t\), \(\psi (t_1t_2)\leq \psi (t_1)\psi (t_2)\), \(\psi (t_1t_2)\leq\psi (t_1)+\psi (t_2)\), \(\psi (t)/t\to 0\) as \(t\to\infty\) and let \(\gamma :S\to\mathbb R^+\) fulfil \(\gamma (xy)\leq \gamma (x)+\gamma (y)\). A real function \(f\) on \(S\) is called a \((\psi ,\gamma)\)- quasicharacter of \(S\) if there is a \(\theta\in\mathbb R^+\) such that \[ |f(xy)-f(x)-f(y)|\leq\theta [\psi (\gamma (x))+\psi (\gamma (y))] \] for all \(x,y\in S\). If, moreover, a \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-quasicharacter \(f\) satisfies \(f(x^n)=nf(x)\) for every \(x\in S\), \(n\in \mathbb N\), then it is called a \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-pseudocharacter of \(S\). The linear space of all \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-quasicharacters of \(S\) is denoted by \(KX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\) and the linear space of all \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-pseudocharacters of \(S\) by \(PX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\). The relationship between \(KX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\) and \(PX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\) yields the formula \[ KX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)=PX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\dot{+}B_{\psi ,\gamma}(S) , \] where \(B_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\) is the linear space of real functions \(f\) on \(S\) satisfying the relation \[ |f(x)|\leq c\psi(\gamma (x))\qquad\text{ for some }c>0\quad\text{ and for all }x\in S . \] As a consequence, the space \(KX(S)\) of all quasicharacters of \(S\) is a direct sum of the space \(PX(S)\) consisting of all pseudocharacters of \(S\) and the space \(B(S)\) consisting of all real bounded functions on \(S\). The paper also discusses the relationship between \(PX_{\psi ,\gamma}(S)\) and \(PX(S)\). The presented example shows that, in general, the notion of \((\psi ,\gamma)\)-pseudocharacter does not coincide with the notion of pseudocharacter.