Completing extended metric spaces: an alternative approach (Q452983)

The main result of the paper states that for each \(\epsilon\)-approach nearness space \((X,v)\) there is a contraction \(f: X\to X^*\) such that \((X^*,v^*)\) is a complete separated \(\epsilon\)-approach nearness space and \(cl_{v^*}(f(X))=X^*\). Let \(\epsilon\in (0,\infty]\). An \(\epsilon\)-approach nearness on \(X\) (introduced by \textit{J. F. Peters} and \textit{S. Tiwari} [Approach merotopies and near filters. Theory and application, Gen. Math. Notes 3, No. 1, 32--45 (2011)]) is a function \(v:\mathcal P(\mathcal P (X))\times \mathcal P(\mathcal P (X))\to [0, \infty]\) satisfying the following conditions for all \(\mathcal A,\mathcal B, \mathcal C \in \mathcal P(\mathcal P( X))\): {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] If \(\forall A\in\mathcal A\;\exists B\in\mathcal B\) such that \(B\subseteq A\), then \(v(\mathcal C, \mathcal A)\leq v(\mathcal C, \mathcal B)\), \item[(2)] If \((\bigcap \mathcal A)\cap (\bigcap \mathcal B)\neq \emptyset \) then \(v(\mathcal A, \mathcal B)<\epsilon\), \item[(3)] \(v(\mathcal A, \mathcal B)= v(\mathcal B, \mathcal A)\) and \(v(\mathcal A, \mathcal A)=0\), \item[(4)] If \(\emptyset\in \mathcal A\) then \(v(\mathcal C, \mathcal A)=\infty\), \item[(5)] \(v(\mathcal C, \mathcal A \vee \mathcal B)\geq v (\mathcal C, \mathcal A)\wedge v(\mathcal C, \mathcal B)\), where \(\mathcal A \vee \mathcal B=\{A\cup B: A\in \mathcal A\; , B\in \mathcal B\}\), \item[(6)] \(v(cl_v(\mathcal A),cl_v(\mathcal B))\geq v(\mathcal A, \mathcal B)\), where \(cl_v(A)=\{x\in X:v(\{\{x\}\}, \{ A\})<\epsilon\}\) and \(cl_v(\mathcal A)=\{cl_v (A): A\in \mathcal A\}\). \end{itemize}} Let \((X,v)\) and \((Y,k)\) be \(\epsilon \)-approach nearness spaces. A map \(f: X\to Y\) is said to be a contraction if \(k(f(\mathcal A ),f(\mathcal B))\leq v(\mathcal A, \mathcal B)\) for all \(\mathcal A, \mathcal B\in \mathcal P(\mathcal P(X))\). We say that an \(\epsilon \)-approach nearness space \(((X,v)\) is {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[-] separated provided \(v(\{\{x\}\}, \{\{y\}\})<\epsilon\) then \(x=y\) \item [-] complete if \(\bigcap cl_v(\mathcal A)\neq \emptyset\) for all \(\mathcal C\in \mathcal P(\mathcal P (X))\) such that (i) \(C,D\in \mathcal C\) then \(v(\{C\}, \{D\})<\epsilon\); (ii) \(v(\{A\}, \{C\})<\epsilon\) for all \(C\in\mathcal C\) then \(A\in\mathcal C\); (iii) \(C\cup D\in\mathcal C\) then \(C\in\mathcal C\) or \(D\in\mathcal C\). \end{itemize}}