BINOMIAL ALGEBRAS (Q4532464)

A binomial algebra over a field \(K\) is a quotient of the path algebra \(K\Gamma\) of a quiver \(\Gamma\) modulo relations of the form \(p=\lambda q\), where \(p,q\) are paths in \(\Gamma\) and \(\lambda\in K\). An algebra semigroup is a finite semigroup with zero \(\theta\) and set \(E\) of pairwise orthogonal nonzero idempotents such that \(S=\bigcup_{e,f\in E}eSf\) and \(S\setminus E\) is a nilpotent semigroup ideal of \(S\). It is shown that a \(K\)-algebra \(A\) is binomial if and only if \(A\) is isomorphic to a twisted semigroup algebra \(K_\xi S\) of some algebra semigroup \(S\), where \(\xi\) is a 2-cocycle of \(S\) with coefficients in the multiplicative group \(K^*\) of units of \(K\). The semigroup \(S\) is of the form \({\mathcal B}\cup\{\theta\}\), where \(\mathcal B\) is a basis of \(A\) satisfying certain conditions, in particular: for every \(b,c\in{\mathcal B}\) there exists \(d\in{\mathcal B}\) such that \(b\cdot c\in Kd\). Moreover, two cocycles \(\xi\) and \(\zeta\) determine isomorphic algebras provided the cohomology classes of \(\xi\) and \(\zeta^\phi\) are the same for some automorphism \(\phi\) of \(S\), compare \textit{F. W. Anderson, B. K. D'Ambrosia} [Commun. Algebra 24, No. 10, 3163-3191 (1996; Zbl 0883.16015)]. Here \(\zeta^\phi(-,\cdot)=\zeta(\phi(-),\phi(\cdot))\). The latter condition is also necessary if \(S\) belongs to certain class of algebra semigroups, called strongly acyclic locally square-free. (Compare the results of \textit{O. Bretscher} and \textit{P. Gabriel} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 111, 21-40 (1983; Zbl 0527.16021)].) Finally, the group of outer automorphisms of \(A\) is studied in terms of the associated semigroup and cocycle.