An extension of Greenberg's theorem to general valuation rings (Q453353)

Let \(R\) be a valuation ring, \(K\) its quotient field, \(\Gamma\) its additively written valuation group and \(\Gamma^+\) its positive cone and the valuation is ord:\(K\longrightarrow\Gamma\cup\{\infty\}\). The completion of \(R\) is \(\widehat R\) and its quotient field \(\widehat K\) and, for \(\alpha\in\Gamma^+\), \(R_\alpha:=R/I_\alpha\), where \(I_\alpha:=\{ x\in K \,\, |\,\, \text{ord}(x)\geq \alpha\}\). The main result (``strong approximation'') states: Assume that \(R\) is Henselian, \(\widehat K\) a separable extension of \(K\) and \(X\) an \(R\)-scheme of finite presentation. Then, there exists a positive integer \(N\), and an element \(\delta\in\Gamma^+\), with the following property: for every \(\alpha\in\Gamma^+\) and every \(x\in X(R_{N\alpha+\delta})\), there exists an \(x^\prime\in X(R)\), such that \(x\) and \(x^\prime\) have the same image in \(X(R_\alpha)\). This result generalizes \textit{M. J. Greenberg}'s strong approximation theorem [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 31, 563--568 (1966; Zbl 0146.42201)]. The author models his methods on those of \textit{J. Becker} et al. [Invent. Math. 51, 189--203 (1979; Zbl 0416.13004)]. One of the consequences of the main result is a ``weak approximation'': \(X(R)\) is dense in \(X(\widehat R)\), in the valuation topology and if \(V\) is a \(K\)-scheme locally of finite type, then \(V(K)\) is dense in \(V(\widehat K)\) in the valuation topology. Another consequence is an ``infinitesimal Hasse principle'': \(X(R)\neq \emptyset\) is equivalent to \(\forall \gamma\in \Gamma^+\,\, X(R_\gamma)\neq \emptyset\). Yet another is a ``closed image theorem:'' If \(R\) is Henselian and \(\widehat K\) is separable over \(K\) and \(f:X\longrightarrow Y\) is a proper morphism of \(K\)-schemes of finite type, then the induced map \(f_K:X(K)\longrightarrow Y(K)\) has a closed image in the topology defined by the valuation.