No label defined (Q4534573)

In this remarkable article, the authors provide a nice insight into the mechanisms of the Lie symmetry theory of ordinary differential equations together with an instructive survey on several related topics within the investigations of the Chazy equation \[ {d^3y\over dx^3}= 2{d^2y\over dx^2}- 3\Biggl({dy\over dx}\Biggr)^2+ \alpha\Biggl(6{dy\over dx}- y^2\Biggr)^2, \] where either \(\alpha= 0\), or \(\alpha= 4/(36- N^2)\) with positive integer \(N\), \(N> 1\), \(N\neq 6\). This is an excellent equation: the solution can be expressed by inversion of a ratio of two hypergeometric functions, it possesses a natural movable boundary, it has the Painlevé property (\(\alpha= 0\) or \(N\geq 2\)), it appears in several physical applications, it admits the Lie symmetry \(\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\) and consequently, it may be reduced in order by three: the formula \[ y(x)= 6/\psi_1(u),\quad x= \psi_2(u)/\psi_1(u), \] parametrize the solution (where \(\psi_1\), \(\psi_2\) satisfy the Lamé equation \(d^2\psi/du^2= \wp(y+k)\psi/4(9\alpha- 1)\)). Several alternative solutions through modular forms and other variants of the Lamé equation are noted, too. Altogether, this yields a hierarchy of differential equations with rather complicated singularity structure which can be solved in closed form. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0983.00039].