Applications of a theorem of H. Cramér to the Selberg class (Q4536043)

The authors continue their comprehensive study of functions belonging to the Selberg \(\mathcal S\) class of Dirichlet series [see the authors' article for the relevant definitions and properties of \(\mathcal S\), in: Number theory in progress, Györy, K. et al. (eds.), Proc. conf. in honor of A. Schinzel, de Gruyter, 953-992 (1999; Zbl 0929.11028), see also their works in Acta Math. 182, 207-241 (1999; Zbl 1126.11335), J. Reine Angew. Math. 524, 73-96 (2000; Zbl 0982.11051) and Duke Math. J. 101, 529-554 (2000; Zbl 0997.11072)]. In this paper they consider the extended Selberg class \(\mathcal S^\sharp\), consisting of Dirichlet series \(F(s)\) with meromorphic continuation over \(\mathbb C\), which satisfy the functional equation \[ \gamma(s)F(s) = \omega{\bar \gamma}(1-s){\bar F}(1-s), \] where \(|\omega|= 1, {\bar F}(s) = \overline {F({\bar s})}\) and \[ \gamma(s) = Q^s\prod_{j=1}^r\Gamma(\lambda_js+\mu_j), Q>0, \lambda_j > 0, \Re \mu_j\geq 0. \] Let \(E_\alpha\) denote the set of entire functions \(\phi(z)\) of the form \[ \phi(z) = \sum_{n=o}^\infty {\alpha_n\over n!}z^n\qquad(\alpha_n \ll (\alpha + \varepsilon)^n, \alpha \geq 0). \] The authors prove two results. Let \(F(s)\in S^\sharp\) and the coefficients \(a(n)\) of \(F(s)\) satisfy \(a(n) = \phi(\log n)\) for some \(\phi \in E_\alpha\). Then \(F(s) = c\zeta(s)\) for some non-zero \(c \in \mathbb C\), where \(\zeta(s)\) is the Riemann zeta-function. In the second theorem, let again \(\phi \in E_\alpha\). Then i) if for every \(F(s)\in S^\sharp\) we have \[ F_\phi(s) := \sum_{n=1}^\infty a(n)\phi(\log n)n^{-s} \in S^\sharp, \] then \(\phi(z)\) is a non-zero complex constant. ii) If for every entire \(F\in S^\sharp\) we have \(F_\phi \in S^\sharp\), then \(\phi(z) = c\text{ e}^{i\beta z}\) for some non-zero \(c \in \mathbb C\) and some \(\beta \in \mathbb R\). The proofs use a classical theorem of H. Cramér concerning the holomorphy of \(F_\phi(s)\), and the characterization properties of functions \(F\) from \(S^\sharp\) (see op. cit.). Namely if the degree \(d = 2\sum_{j=1}^r\lambda_j\) satisfies \(d = 0\), then \(F\) is a Dirichlet polynomial. There are no functions from \(S^\sharp\) if \(0 < d < 1\), while the functions with \(d=1\) are linear combinations of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions over Dirichlet polynomials.