No label defined (Q4546176)

A vector field \(X\) on a Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is called a biconcircular gradient vector field if \[ \nabla X= U^\flat\otimes X+ X^\flat\otimes U \] for a certain vector field \(U\). In this case \(U\) is called the generative of \(S\). If \(U\) satisfies \[ \nabla_Z U= a Z+g(Z,U)U,\qquad\forall Z\in TM, \] then call \(U\) a closed torse forming. The main results of this paper are the following: (1) Let \((M,g)\) be a Riemannian manifold carrying a biconcircular gradient vector field \(X\) with closed torse forming generative \(U\). Then \(X\) admits infinitesimal transformations with generative \(U\), and both \(X\) and \(U\) are exterior concurrent vector fields with some conformal scalar \(a\). The existence of such an \(X\) is determined by an exterior differential system in involution, depending on two arbitrary functions of one argument. Any manifold \((M,g)\) that carries such an \(X\) is foliated by Einstein surfaces \(M_X\) tangent to \(X\) and \(U\). (2) Let \(M(\phi,\eta,\xi, g)\) be a para Sasakian manifold and let \(\phi\) be the Lefevre form on \(M\). Then, if \(M\) carries a biconcircular gradient vector field \(X\) having \(\xi\) as generative, the manifold \(M\) is foliated by 2-dimensional submanifolds \(M_X\) of scalar curvature \(-1\) which are tangent to \(X\) and \(\xi\). There are some equivalent statements for commuting \(X\) and \(\phi X\). (3) Let \(M(J,\Omega, g)\) be a Kähler manifold. Then the existence of a biconcircular gradient vector field \(X\) on \(M\) such that \[ \nabla X= (JX)^\flat\otimes X+ X^\flat\otimes JX \] is determined by an exterior differential system in involution. Any such \(M\) may be viewed as the local Riemannian product \(M= M_X\times M_X^\bot\), where \(M_X\) is a totally geodesic surface of \(M\) tangent to \(X\) and \(JX\), and \(M_X^\bot\) is a totally geodesic submanifold of \(M\). In addition, the Lie derivatives of \(\Omega\) with respect to \(X\) and \(JX\) both vanish, and the Kähler manifold \(M(J,\Omega, g)\) under consideration can not be compact.