No label defined (Q4549221)

This paper surveys recent developements in the affine Weyl group approach to Painlevé equations and discrete Painlevé equations. The Painlevé equation \(P_J\) (\(J=II, IV, V, VI\)) is equivalent to a Hamiltonian system \(H_J\) with a polynomial Hamiltonian \(H=H(q,p,t,\alpha)\in \mathbf C(t)[q,p,\alpha]\), \(\alpha=(\alpha_0,\dots ,\alpha_l)\). There exists a set \(\{\varphi_0,\dots ,\varphi_l\}\) of nonzero elements in the Poisson algebra \(\mathcal R=\mathbf C[q,p,t]\) such that the group of Bäcklund transformations for \(H_J\) is represented in terms of \(\alpha\) and \(\varphi=(\varphi_0, \dots , \varphi_l);\) and it is isomorphic to the affine Weyl group \(W(X_l^{(1)}),\) where \(X_l^{(1)}\) is \(A_1^{(1)}, A_2^{(1)}, A_3^{(1)}, D_4^{(1)}\) for \(J=II, IV, V, VI,\) respectively. Furthermore, the author discusses higher-order Painlevé equations with \(W(A_l^{(1)})\) symmetry, as well as \(q\)-difference analogues and an ultra-discrete version. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0993.00023].