The sum-of-digits function of canonical number systems: distribution in residue classes (Q455786)

Let \(p\in{\mathbb Z}[X]\) be monic of degree \(n\) and \({\mathcal N}\) be a subset of \({\mathbb Z}\) such that \((p, \mathcal N)\) is a number system in the sense of \textit{A. Pethö} [in: Computational number theory, Proc. Colloq., Debrecen/Hung. 1989, 31--43 (1991; Zbl 0733.94014)], i.e., every \(z\in{\mathbb Z}[X]\setminus\{0\}\) can be represented uniquely as NEWLINE\[NEWLINEz\equiv \sum_{h=0}^\ell a_h X^h \pmod{p}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with \(a_h\in{\mathcal N}\), \(a_\ell\neq 0\). In that case, the sum-of-digits function \(s_p\) is defined by NEWLINE\[NEWLINEs_p(z)\equiv \sum_{h=0}^\ell a_h \pmod {p}.NEWLINE\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor \(T>0\), the author defines a set \({\mathcal R}(T)\) of elements of \({\mathbb Z}[X]/(p)\) of ``size'' at most \(T\), where the ``size'' is defined by a suitable embedding in a suitable \({\mathbb R }^N\).NEWLINENEWLINEFor an integer \(m\) which is coprime to \(p(1)\) and an integer \(h\), the author considers the set \({\mathcal U}_{h, m}({\mathcal R}(T))\) of elements of \({\mathcal R}(T)\) such that the sum of digits \(s_p(z)\) is congruent to \(h\) modulo \(m\).NEWLINENEWLINEFor an ideal \({\mathfrak s}\) of \({\mathbb Z}[X]/(p)\) and some \(a\in{\mathbb Z}[X]/(p)\), the author proves that the number of \(z\in {\mathcal U}_{h, m}({\mathcal R}(T))\) with \(z\equiv a\mod {\mathfrak s}\) is NEWLINE\[NEWLINE {|{\mathcal U}_{h, m}({\mathcal R}(T))|\over m N(\mathfrak s)} + O(|{\mathcal U}_{h, m}({\mathcal R}(T))|^\lambda)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\lambda <1\) does not depend on \(T\), \(h\), \(a\) and \({\mathfrak s}\).NEWLINENEWLINEFurthermore, for any two subsets \({\mathcal A}\), \({\mathcal B}\) of \({\mathcal R}(T)\), the author proves that the number of elements of pairs \((x, y)\in {\mathcal A}\times{\mathcal B}\) contained in \({\mathcal U}_{h, m}({\mathcal R}(T))\) is \(|{\mathcal A}| |{\mathcal B}|/m\) plus an error term which is bounded by an absolute constant times \(|{\mathcal R}(T)|^\mu \sqrt{|{\mathcal A}| |{\mathcal B}|}\) for some \(\mu <1\).NEWLINENEWLINEThis generalizes results of \textit{J. M. Thuswaldner} [J. Number Theory 74, No. 1, 111--125 (1999; Zbl 0932.11068)] where \(p\) was an irreducible polynomial and thus \({\mathbb Z}[X]/(p)\) an order in a number field.