Quadratures associated with pseudo-orthogonal rational functions on the real half line with poles in \([-\infty,0]\) (Q455898)

Let \(\{\xi_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}\) be a sequence of elements in \([-\infty,0]\), possible repeated, and \(r_{0}=1\), \(r_{n}(z)=1\) if \(\xi_{n}=-\infty\), \(r_{n}(z)=\xi_{n}-z\) if \(\xi_{n}\neq -\infty\), \(n=1,2,\dots\). The space \({\mathcal L}_{n}\) is defined as \({\mathcal L}_{n}=\left\{\left.P(z)/D_{n}(z)\right|P\in {\mathcal P}_{n}\right\}\), where \(D_{0}=1\), \(D_{n}(z)=r_{1}(z)r_{2}(z)\cdots r_{n}(z)\) for \(n=1,2,3,\dots\). Denote by \({\mathcal L}=\bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty}{\mathcal L}_{n}\) and the spaces \({\mathcal L}_{p}\cdot{\mathcal L}_{q}\) consist all products of an element in \({\mathcal L}_{p}\) and an element in \({\mathcal L}_{q}\). In this paper, orthogonal rational functions \(\{\varphi_{k}\}_{k\geq 0}\) with \(\varphi_{0}\in {\mathcal L}_{0}\) and \(\varphi_{k}\in{\mathcal L}_{k}\setminus {\mathcal L}_{k-1}\), \(k=1,2,\dots\), are constructed. The zeros of \(\varphi_{n}\) can be used as the nodes of a rational Gauss quadrature formula that is exact for all functions in \({\mathcal L}_{n}\cdot{\mathcal L}_{n-1}\), a space of dimension \(2n\). The quasi-orthogonal rational functions \(\varphi_{n}(x,\tau)\) are functions in \({\mathcal L}_{n}\) that are orthogonal to some subspace of \({\mathcal L}_{n-1}\). Their zeros can be used as the nodes of a rational Gauss-Radau quadrature formulas to integrate exactly any function in \({\mathcal L}_{n}\cdot{\mathcal L}_{n-1}\). The situation for pseudo-orthogonal rational functions \(\Phi_{n}(x,\tau)\) is very similar. They have zeros that can be used as the nodes of quadrature formulas to integrate exactly any function in \({\mathcal L}_{n}{\mathcal L}_{n-2}\). In both cases, the parameter \(\tau\) is used to fix a node at a preassigned point. The computational aspects of the above quadrature formulas are discussed and they are illustrated with several numerical examples.