Vector acoustic solitons from the coupling of long and short waves in a paramagnetic crystal (Q461593)

The paper investigates the propagation of a vector longitudinal-transverse elastic pulse in a crystal containing paramagnetic impurities. Under the imposed conditions in the Faraday geometry, the external static strain of the crystal and an external magnetic field create the pattern of spin-phonon transitions. First, the authors derive the system of wave and matter equations describing the propagation of longitudinal-transverse elastic pulses in a paramagnetic crystal parallel to the static strain and the magnetic field. For the occurrence of an efficient spin-phonon coupling, the difference in the population of sublevels formed as a result of the Zeeman and Stark splitting of quantum levels of the effective spin must be sufficiently large. By writing the acoustic field Hamiltonian, the authors augment it with the Hamiltonian that couples the effective spin to the magnetic field and also to the static strain and dynamic strain tensor components. It is assumed that the leading contribution to the splitting of spin sublevels is from the quadrupole Stark effect which lifts the degeneration of the projection modulus (the Zeeman splitting introduces a small perturbation). The authors investigate the self-consistent dynamics of effective spins and the elasticity field using the semi-classical approach by using a quantum mechanical equation. Then, matter variables are eliminated in the quasiresonance approximation deriving a system of non-linear equations for only the field components. The obtained system of equations is a vector generalization (with two shortwave components) of the Yajima-Oikawa (YO) system. When one of the shortwave components vanishes identically, this system becomes the standard (scalar) YO system. Then, it is shown that the vector generalization of the YO system describing the coupling, with an arbitrary number of shortwave components, in general is integrable in the inverse scattering method (ISM) framework. An infinite hierarchy of solutions of such a generalization includes multisolitons and a solution on the background of finite-gap potentials. Such a hierarchy is obtained by using the binary Darboux transformation (BDT) method. Application of two BDTs allows preserving both symmetry properties in the spaces of Lax pair solutions that correspond to the vector YO system. The structural stability of solutions of the vector YO system is illustrated with a solution on the background of a cnoidal wave. Finally, the stationary and self-similar reductions of the vector YO system are discussed. The systems of ordinary differential equations that then occur are also represented in the form of compatibility conditions for overdetermined systems of linear equations.