The local cohomology of the Jacobian ring (Q462464)

Let \(S = \mathbb C[z_0,\dots, z_n]\), \(n\geq 2,\) be the graded polynomial ring in \(n+1\) variables with complex coefficients and let \(\mathfrak m\) be the irrelevant maximal ideal of \(S\). Given a reduced homogeneous polynomial \(f\in S,\) let \(X\subset \mathbb P^n\) denote the corresponding projective hypersurface, \(J_f = (\partial f/\partial z_0, \dots, \partial f/\partial z_n)\) the Jacobian ideal of \(f\) in \(S\) and \(Q_f = P/J_f\) the Milnor algebra of the function \(f\). By using the basic properties of the sheaf \(\text{Der}(\log X)\) of logarithmic vector fields and the sheaves \(\Omega_{\mathbb P^n}^p(\log X)\) of logarithmic differential forms along \(X\), the author studies the local cohomology module \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f)\), describes the Hodge decomposition for strictly normal crossing divisors, discusses some Torelli type questions for \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f)\), etc. Among other things he proves that if \(X\) has at most isolated singularities then \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f)\) is a self-dual finite-dimensional vector space over the ground field. In addition, the author computes many examples with the help of the Macaulay-2 system for algebraic computations. Following the line of reasoning of [\textit{A. G. Aleksandrov}, in: Theory of singularities and its applications, Adv. Sov. Math. 1, 211--246 (1990; Zbl 0731.32005)], one can clarify the author's results and related computations in the following way. Let \(D\) be the affine cone over \(X\) in \(\mathbb C^{n+1}.\) Then \(Q_f\cong \Omega^{n+1}_D\). If \(X\) is smooth then the cone \(D\) is an affine reduced divisor with an isolated singularity at the vertex, \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(\Omega^{n+1}_D)\cong \Omega^{n+1}_D \cong Q_f\), \(\dim_{\mathbb C} Q_f = \mu(D)\) is the Milnor number and the author's self-duality is, in fact, the classical Macaulay's duality for artinian complete intersections. If \(X\) has isolated singularities only then the divisor \(D\) has one-dimensional singular locus. Moreover if \(D\) is normal, i.e. \(\text{codim}(\text{Sing\,}D, D) \geqslant 2\), then \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f)\cong Q_f\). However, if \(\text{codim}(\text{Sing\,}D, D) = 1\), then, as a rule, the group \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f)\) vanishes. For example, this is true for Saito free divisors with non-isolated singularities because \(Q_f\) is a Cohen-Macaulay ring of positive dimension. On the other hand, for any reduced divisor the basic properties of logarithmic differential forms yield natural isomorphisms \(H^0_J(\Omega^p_D) \cong \text{Tors}(\Omega^p_D)\cong f\,\Omega_{\mathbb C^{n+1}}^p(\log D)\), where \(J=J_f\). Thus, \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(\Omega^p_D) \subseteq H^0_J(\Omega^p_D)\) for all \(p \geqslant 0\), \(H^0_J(\Omega^p_D) = 0\) for \(p = 0, \dots, c-1\), \(H^0_J(\Omega^{n+1}_D)\cong Q_f\) is never zero, and so on. Let us now suppose that \((\text{Sing\,}D)_{\text{red}}\) is a Cohen-Macaulay germ of codimension \(c\geqslant 1\) in \(D\). Then there is a series of perfect pairings of Grothendieck's type between infinite-dimensional \(\mathbb C\)-vector spaces \(H^0_J(\Omega^p_D)\) and \(\text{Ext}^p_{{\mathcal O}_D}(\Omega^p_D, {\mathcal O}_D)\) where \(p \geqslant c\). In the graded case every pairing provides these vector spaces as well as the corresponding Poincaré series with nice symmetries of different kinds. As a result, the self-duality, described in the paper under review, can be naturally produced from a suitable pairing in view of the following evident relations: \(H^0_{\mathfrak m}(Q_f) \cong H^0_{\mathfrak m}(\Omega^{n+1}_D) \subseteq H^0_J(\Omega^{n+1}_D)\cong Q_f \cong \text{Ext}^1_{{\mathcal O}_D}(\Omega^1_D, {\mathcal O}_D)\cong \text{Ext}^p_{{\mathcal O}_D}(\Omega^p_D, {\mathcal O}_D).\) Next, in a similar manner we can analyze the Hodge decomposition for divisors with non-isolated singularities of various types (see [\textit{A. G. Aleksandrov}, Funct. Anal. Appl. 47, No. 4, 247--260 (2013); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 47, No. 4, 1--17 (2013; Zbl 1311.14004)]).