Singular \(p\)-adic transformations for Bernoulli product measures (Q462702)

Let \(p\) be a prime number and \(\vec{q}=(q_0, q_1, \dots, q_{p-1})\) be a probability vector. An i.i.d. Bernoulli measure \(\mu\) on the ring \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) of \(p\)-adic integers will be well defined if we take the measure of a ball to be \(\mu(B_{p^{-n}}(\sum_{i=0}^\infty a_ip^i))= \prod_{i=0}^{n-1}q_{a_i}\). For \(a\in \mathbb{Z}_p\), consider the translation maps \(T_a : \mathbb{Z}_p \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_p\) defined by \(T_a(x):=x+a\). It is well known that if \(a\) is an integer, then \(T_a\) is nonsingular with respect to any i.i.d. Bernoulli measure \(\mu\), i.e., for any measurable \(A\), \(\mu(A)=0\) if and only if \(\mu(T^{-1}A)=0\). However, in the present paper, it is shown that when \(a\) is a rational number but not an integer, \(T_a\) is singular (i.e., not nonsingular) with respect to any i.i.d. Bernoulli measure other than the Haar measure. Further, the author of the present paper also studies the multiplication transformation \(M_a: \mathbb{Z}_p \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_p\) defined by \(M_a(x):=ax\). Let \(\mu\) be an i.i.d. Bernoulli measure other than the Haar measure defined by the probability vector \(\vec{q}\). It is proved that if \(a\in \mathbb{Z}_p^\times \setminus \{1, -1\}\) is a rational, then \(M_a\) is singular with respect to \(\mu\). If \(a={-1}\), then \(M_{-1}\) is nonsingular with respect to \(\mu\) if and only if the probability vector \(\vec{q}\) is a palindrome, i.e., \(q_k=q_{p-1-k}\) for all \(0\leq k \leq p-1\). To prove the results, the author applies the Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem.